Men are more likely to die younger, face serious issues like heart disease and prostate cancer, and struggle silently with mental health. Yet they’re far less likely to go to the doctor or speak up when something feels off. That quiet toughness? It ends up costing people their lives.

But here’s the thing: it’s not just about avoiding checkups. There’s a deeper problem happening behind the scenes—men are underrepresented in clinical research. That means the data guiding many treatments doesn’t always reflect what works best for men of all ages, especially those in rural areas or from diverse backgrounds.

And when research doesn’t include you, care can’t be tailored to you. That slows down progress and makes it harder to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve mental well-being, and boost overall physical health.

This is exactly why Men’s Health Month matters. It’s a chance to shift the conversation and spotlight new ways to close those gaps. One of the most exciting advances? Decentralized clinical trials—or DCTs for short. These let you join important research studies from home without needing to take time off work or travel across town.

For men who want to take control of their health and be part of something bigger, this makes a significant difference.

Why Clinical Trials Matter for Men’s Health

Most people think of clinical trials as something reserved for rare diseases or extreme cases. However, in reality, they play a significant role in developing everyday treatments for health conditions that affect millions of men.

Whether it's a new medication to lower blood pressure, therapy to manage blood sugar, or an innovative approach to managing depression, these trials are the foundation of medical progress. They guide the decisions doctors make and the options available to patients.

But the challenge is that not enough men are signing up—and those who do often don’t represent the full spectrum of male experiences. That means we're missing out on critical insights about how treatments affect men from different age groups, lifestyles, and health histories.

This is especially true in areas like:

• Prostate cancer, which remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among men.
• Heart disease, which continues to top the list of causes of death in the U.S.
• Mental health, where men are often underdiagnosed and undertreated due to stigma.

The good news? With the right tools and technology, we can address this issue.

The Rise of Decentralized Clinical Trials (DCTs)

Decentralized clinical trials are research studies that don’t require you to go to a hospital or clinic every week. Instead, much of the participation can happen from home—through secure apps, telehealth visits, wearable devices, and home sample collection kits.

For men balancing work, family, and life in general, this approach removes one of the biggest barriers to getting involved: the time constraint.

At Science 37, we specialize in building DCTs that make participation easier, safer, and more convenient. That means more men can take part in research without having to rearrange their lives. And more participation means better data. Better data leads to better treatments. It’s a win-win for everyone involved.

Clinical Trials Advancing Male Health

Let’s look at some of the promising areas where clinical trials—especially those led by Science 37—are pushing the boundaries of men’s healthcare:

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer continues to be one of the most diagnosed cancers in men—and one of the most deadly when caught too late. Today’s clinical research is exploring precision medicine strategies that target cancer at the molecular level. Science 37 is helping expand access to these groundbreaking studies through decentralized clinical trials, allowing more men, regardless of location, to enroll in trials testing early detection methods, targeted therapies, and novel hormone treatments.

Cardiovascular Disease and Atrial Fibrillation

Heart disease and atrial fibrillation (AFib) are among the top threats to male longevity. Through trials focused on innovative therapies—from antiarrhythmic drugs to wearable monitoring tech—Science 37 is helping researchers collect data from participants in real-world environments. These remote trials enable men to track their blood pressure, heart rhythm, and other vital signs without stepping foot in a clinic, making it easier to catch problems early and develop more effective treatments.

Rare Disease Research: VEDS and More

Even when a condition is rare, men living with it deserve access to research and options. Science 37 is leading rare disease research trials, including studies for vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS). This genetic disorder affects connective tissue and can lead to serious heart and blood vessel complications. Bringing trials directly to patients means the studies allow more men to participate, no matter how uncommon their condition may be.

C. Diff (Clostridioides difficile)

While often associated with hospital settings, C. diff infections can affect anyone—and men with weakened immune systems or recent antibiotic use are at increased risk. Science 37 is supporting trials for new preventative treatments and therapies that restore gut health, all while enabling participants to contribute from home. These trials are especially important for improving outcomes and limiting recurrences.

Mental Health

Let’s not forget what too often goes unspoken: mental health. Whether it's depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress, too many men suffer in silence. Science 37’s decentralized mental health trials offer a safe, stigma-free way to get involved in testing therapies that combine medication, digital CBT, and mobile tracking tools. This means men can take part privately, without needing to explain absences or face social judgment.

Why Men Avoid the Doctor—and How DCTs Can Help

We can’t ignore the fact that many men avoid traditional healthcare. The reasons are personal, but deeply relatable:

• They’re embarrassed to talk about symptoms.
• They don’t want to be told to change their lifestyle or eating habits.
• They suspect something’s wrong—but would rather not know.

It’s no wonder that so many men say they’d rather clean the house or go shopping than visit a doctor. It’s also a reason why men worldwide have a lower life expectancy compared to women.

This mindset not only delays diagnosis but also reduces opportunities for early intervention. Decentralized clinical trials meet men where they are. They offer a non-intimidating way to engage with the medical system without needing to rearrange their lives or deal with the discomfort of a clinical setting.

Small Steps, Big Impact

Getting involved in a clinical trial doesn’t mean something’s wrong with you. In fact, many studies need healthy volunteers to help researchers understand how a new treatment compares to the norm. This is especially important in areas like:

• Blood pressure management
• Blood sugar monitoring
• Mental health treatment efficacy
• Prostate cancer screening and therapies

And if you’re already managing a chronic condition, trials can offer new options for care and deeper insights into your health. You’ll be contributing to better treatment strategies—for yourself and for future generations.

Taking Ownership of Your Health

There’s a growing recognition that men’s health deserves targeted attention. While lifestyle changes like better nutrition, physical activity, and healthy habits are foundational, clinical trials provide a powerful tool to accelerate breakthroughs.

They offer an opportunity to:

• Explore treatments tailored to male biology
• Improve overall health care outcomes across communities
• Reduce the risk of chronic diseases through early detection

Ready to Get Involved?

This Men’s Health Month, take a step that could change your life—and help others. Whether you’re having difficulty managing a health condition, or you simply want to contribute to medical progress, clinical research offers a meaningful, low-barrier way to make an impact.

At Science 37, we make it easy to explore decentralized clinical trials that fit your lifestyle. You can browse active research studies and sign up in minutes. It’s private. It’s flexible. And it’s built with you in mind. Visit Science 37 to explore active trials today.

Cholestatic pruritus is a common symptom of cholestatic liver disease. It’s marked by an ongoing, intense itch that can affect different parts of the body. For some, it stays mild. But for many, it grows into something far more severe, disrupting sleep, daily routines, and mental well-being. Studies show that more than 80% of people with cholestatic liver conditions, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), experience this form of itching.

Despite how widespread and distressing it is, cholestatic pruritus remains under-recognized and often untreated. And for those who live with it day after day, the search for relief can feel endless.

The Liver Foundation asked people with PBC what it means to live successfully with the condition, and these were some responses, verbatim:

“Living successfully with PBC. How does anyone do this? I am so new to this disease that it seems to me that there should be some education that comes along with the diagnosis. What does it mean to each of us? Prognosis? Will I need a transplant? The Doctors throw some medication at you without knowing how it will affect you and no explanation of the disease."

“What does living successfully with PBC mean to me? My husband has taken over all of my household duties so that I can just sleep all the time because my fatigue is so life-altering.”

If these responses are anything to go by, cholestatic pruritus isn’t just an itch. It’s a physical and emotional burden that deeply impacts quality of life. From chronic fatigue and dry skin to the mental toll of feeling unheard or misunderstood, many patients are left to navigate this condition with little support and even fewer treatment options. However, that’s changing slowly, thanks to the help of clinical trials.

The Science Behind Cholestatic Pruritus

Cholestasis occurs when bile can’t flow properly through the bile ducts into the small intestine. This backup can occur in diseases such as PBC and PSC. When bile builds up, it enters the bloodstream instead of reaching the gut where it belongs.

Bile contains substances like bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin. When these substances accumulate in the blood, they affect the liver and nervous system, triggering widespread, persistent itchy skin. That’s what we call cholestatic pruritus.

Scientists believe that substances in the blood during cholestasis, including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and autotaxin, interact with receptors in the nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord and brain. These signals tell the brain that the skin is itchy, even when there’s no visible rash or irritation.

However, some sources also suggest that the itch occurs because the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver’s bile ducts, resulting in inflammation, scarring, and, ultimately, liver damage. Over time, this disruption contributes to cholestasis, making the itch worse and increasing the risk of liver failure.

Many patients with liver disease also experience dry skin, which may intensify the itch. However, it’s essential to note that cholestatic pruritus is not just skin-deep—it originates from within the body. That’s why lotions alone often don’t work and why more targeted cholestatic pruritus treatment is needed.

A Unique Kind of Itch

Unlike normal itching, cholestatic pruritus often has no rash or visible cause. It can occur anywhere on the body, but it’s often worse on the hands, feet, arms, or back. For many, the itching is worse at night, causing significant sleep disruption. In the long run, the lack of rest can lead to mental health issues like anxiety, irritability, and depression.

And here's something that makes it even more difficult: the severity of itching doesn’t always match liver test results. Someone with only mildly elevated alkaline phosphate levels might experience extreme itching, while someone else with more advanced disease might not itch at all. This disconnect makes diagnosis and treatment tricky and adds to the emotional burden.

Why Better Treatments Matter

For many living with cholestatic pruritus, current treatments such as antihistamines, antidepressants, or bile acid sequestrants often bring side effects like fatigue, gastrointestinal upset, or limited effectiveness. These therapies typically provide only partial relief, leaving patients frustrated and still searching for answers.

That’s why new medications, especially IBAT inhibitors (Ileal Bile Acid Transporter inhibitors), are creating excitement in the medical community. IBAT inhibitors work by blocking the reabsorption of bile salts in the intestines, which reduces their buildup in the bloodstream—the very trigger for persistent itching. Since IBAT inhibitors target the root cause of the condition, they have the potential to provide more effective and long-term treatment for cholestatic pruritus with fewer adverse effects.

The Role of Decentralized Trials in Testing New Therapies

At Science 37, we recognize that traditional clinical trials can be burdensome for patients. Traveling to clinics, managing frequent visits, and disrupting daily life often discourage participation, especially for those already coping with chronic liver diseases like PSC and PBC.

Our decentralized trial model brings the study to the patient, wherever they live. Through secure telemedicine visits, home health professionals, and digital monitoring tools, participants can engage in cutting-edge research without leaving the comfort of their own homes. This approach not only reduces stress and travel but also allows for more diverse and inclusive participation, capturing real-world data that better reflects everyday experiences.

Current PSC and PBC Studies You Can Join from Home

Science 37 is actively enrolling participants in remote clinical trials to check the safety and effectiveness of IBAT inhibitors and other targeted therapies for itching associated with PBC and PSC. The aim of these studies is to measure the effectiveness of these new treatments in reducing the severity of itching, improving sleep quality, and enhancing overall quality of life while carefully monitoring for any side effects. Patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase levels or those experiencing intense itching due to bile acid accumulation may be eligible to participate.

Why Your Participation Matters

Every person who joins a clinical trial brings us one step closer to breakthroughs in treating cholestatic pruritus and preventing complications, such as liver failure. Your involvement helps researchers to understand how therapies work in diverse populations and informs regulatory approvals, ultimately making effective treatments more accessible.

Trial participants often report feeling empowered by contributing to science and connecting with a community facing similar challenges. Together, we can accelerate the development of safer, more effective solutions that bring real relief to those living with this relentless itch.

The future of PBC itching treatment is bright—and it starts with people like you.

If you or a loved one is living with primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis and struggling with persistent itching, consider joining a decentralized clinical trial today. Your participation can help transform lives—one itch at a time.

If you've ever looked into joining a clinical trial, you probably ran into a wall of logistics. Research site visits. Hours in waiting rooms. Missed work, coordinating childcare, or even booking overnight stays—to attend one appointment. For many patients, these burdens complicate participation, and in many cases, stop it altogether.

That’s a serious problem. When trials are hard to access, fewer people enroll. Even worse, the people who do make it often don’t accurately reflect the diversity of the wider patient population. This limits how useful the results are for real-world patients—especially in rare disease research, where every participant counts.

Fortunately, clinical trials no longer have to happen inside a hospital. At-home clinical trials (also known as decentralized or virtual trials) flip the model. You can now participate in studies from the comfort of your home using telehealth visits, wearable devices, and medication delivered straight to your door. The entire experience is designed to reduce burden, improve access, and empower more people to get involved in medical research. If you’re considering taking part in an at-home clinical trial, then this guide will help you know what to expect.

Understanding How Decentralized Trials Work

Traditional clinical trials often meant repeated trips to hospitals or research centers for screenings, checkups, and medication doses. Decentralized trials eliminate that need by bringing the study to you. Think of it like the difference between going out to the movies versus streaming a premiere at home on Netflix – the content is the same, but the experience is far more convenient and on your schedule.

You’ll connect with your research study team through secure video calls, use wearable devices to track your health, and receive medications at your doorstep. Some studies may also send a healthcare provider to your home for tests or procedures that can’t be done remotely.

Virtual clinical trials use telehealth, mobile apps, and home delivery services to handle every aspect of participation. The goal is to make trials more accessible and more convenient, while still providing quality care for participants.  

Patients who participate from home are more likely to remain in the study. That leads to stronger data for researchers and a more comfortable experience for the patient.

Here’s what the process looks like, step by step.

A Step-by-Step Guide to At-Home Clinical Trials

Step 1: Virtual Screening and Consent

Your journey begins with a virtual screening conducted through a secure video call or telephone. The clinical team reviews your medical history, medications, and health status. If additional tests, like blood draws, are necessary, they can usually be done locally or with a home-based kit.

Consent is managed through eConsent, where you digitally sign documents after reviewing and discussing the details virtually. This ensures you clearly understand the trial’s procedures, potential risks, and benefits—right from your living room.

Step 2: Wearable Health Monitors and Data Collection

One significant advantage of decentralized trials is continuous health monitoring using wearable devices. You might use a smartwatch, fitness tracker, or other wearable tech to capture vital data, such as heart rate, activity levels, or sleep patterns. These devices collect and securely transmit data directly to researchers, providing accurate real-time insights into your health without frequent hospital visits.

Step 3: Telehealth Check-ins

Regular check-ups are conducted via telehealth video calls, allowing face-to-face interactions with the clinical team from the comfort of your couch. These virtual visits cover your symptoms, medication use, and any questions or concerns you might have.

A healthcare professional may pay you a home visit for procedures needing physical intervention (e.g., injections, blood tests). This flexibility significantly reduces your need to travel, making trial participation manageable and stress-free.

Step 4: Home Delivery of Medications

Clinical trial medications are delivered directly to your doorstep in secure, temperature-controlled packages. Clear instructions accompany these shipments, and the clinical team provides thorough guidance on storage and administration. You’ll manage medication use through provided apps or daily electronic logs, maintaining clear communication with researchers throughout your participation.

Key Benefits of At-Home Clinical Trials

Convenience and Flexibility

At-home trials adapt to your routine instead of disrupting it. You can schedule telehealth visits around work, family, or personal needs—without spending hours in traffic or sitting in a waiting room. Medications arrive at your doorstep, and data collection happens passively through wearables or simple mobile check-ins. This flexibility reduces stress and makes it easier to stay engaged from start to finish.

Faster Timelines and Cost Savings

Remote models speed up recruitment and reduce the need for brick-and-mortar sites. Fewer delays mean studies can launch and complete faster. Sponsors also cut costs on logistics and infrastructure, freeing up resources for more trials and broader patient reach.

Enhanced Data Collection and Real-World Insights

Wearable devices and digital apps capture data continuously in real time. Instead of snapshots during clinic visits, researchers gain a fuller picture of how treatments work in everyday life. This leads to more meaningful insights and better outcomes for future patients.

Increased Patient Accessibility and Diversity

Decentralized trials open the door to participants who would otherwise be excluded—those living in rural areas, managing disabilities, or balancing complex schedules. Expanding access brings in more diverse populations, which improves the accuracy and generalizability of trial results.

Improved Patient Experience

Participating from home saves time, reduces stress, and helps ensure consistent participation. Studies show that decentralized trials lead to higher patient retention than traditional models because they fit seamlessly into daily life.

Common Questions About Online Clinical Trials

Do I need special technology skills?

Not at all. Trials provide user-friendly technology, clear instructions, and ongoing support. You’ll have help setting up devices and accessing telehealth visits.

Are at-home trials safe and secure?

Yes. At-home trials adhere to strict federal regulations to ensure patient safety and data security. Data transmitted from wearable devices or telehealth visits are encrypted and confidential.

Are these trials paid?

Science 37 and other institutions offer paid clinical trials from home. This means you’ll be compensated for your time and participation, similar to traditional clinical studies. Details vary by study and will be clearly explained during your consent process.

The Role of COVID-19 in Shaping Remote Trials

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the adoption of remote clinical trials. Decentralised methods were quickly adopted to maintain essential research while ensuring participant safety. This shift has proven highly effective and is becoming a standard approach, offering lasting patient recruitment and retention benefits.

Why Choose Science 37?

Science 37 is a pioneer in decentralized clinical research, dedicated to making clinical trials more accessible. Our model streamlines participation, using advanced technologies and patient-centric approaches to deliver quality data and an outstanding patient experience.

Joining Science 37 clinical trials means contributing meaningfully to critical medical advancements without compromising your daily routine.

Explore At-Home Clinical Trials Today

If you’re considering participation, this flexible, secure, and convenient method ensures you remain central to the research without added stress. To discover active opportunities tailored for rare diseases, visit Science 37’s active clinical trials page. Here, you can find trials suited to your needs and start your clinical research journey from home today.

Clinical trials are crucial to advancing medicine—yet too many people avoid them because of misinformation. As a physician, I’ve seen firsthand how these myths can prevent patients from accessing potentially life-changing treatment options. Today, let’s unpack some of the most common myths about clinical research, explain what happens during a trial, and help you make informed decisions about your care.

Whether you’re living with a chronic condition, navigating limited treatment options, or simply exploring what's available, understanding the truth about clinical trials can open new doors to healing and hope.

Myth #1: “I’ll Be a Guinea Pig”

This is, by far, the most common fear I hear—and it couldn’t be further from the truth.

Fact: Clinical trials are governed by rigorous ethical, scientific, and legal standards. Every trial must receive FDA approval and be reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB)—a committee of doctors, scientists, and community members tasked with protecting your rights and safety. These trials must also comply with strict federal laws that regulate patient safety, informed consent, and transparency. Oversight by federal government agencies like the FDA ensures that clinical research is conducted responsibly and ethically at every stage.

Most people don’t realize that many clinical trials compare a new treatment against the standard of care—what doctors would normally prescribe—so you’re never left untreated. In fact, patients in trials often receive more attention than those in regular care settings, with frequent check-ins, lab tests, and monitoring to ensure your health is prioritized.

A 2022 study published by the NIH found that patients in cancer clinical trials reported higher satisfaction with care than those receiving standard treatments alone, citing better communication and support throughout the process.

Myth #2: “Clinical Trials Are a Last Resort”

Fact: You don’t have to exhaust every option before joining a clinical trial. Many trials are designed for newly diagnosed patients or those already receiving treatment who want access to newer therapies.

Modern clinical trials now span a wide variety of medical conditions, from chronic illnesses like diabetes and depression to rare diseases and preventive health strategies. Some clinical studies test new medications, while others evaluate better ways to deliver care, reduce side effects, or improve quality of life.

With platforms like Science 37, which specialize in decentralized trials, participation is more convenient than ever. You can often complete much of the study from home—via telehealth, mobile nurses, and at-home diagnostics—while still receiving advanced care and supervision from research professionals.

Bonus Tip: Participating in a trial doesn’t mean you’re stuck. You can leave a clinical study at any time, for any reason. That’s part of your informed consent.

Myth #3: “They Won’t Tell Me the Risks”

Fact: Transparency is a cornerstone of ethical clinical research.

Before joining any clinical trial, you’ll be asked to review and sign a consent form that clearly outlines:

• The purpose of the study
• The treatment you’ll receive
• Any known side effects
• Alternatives to participation
• Your rights as a participant

Researchers are required to answer every question you have—fully and honestly. They must also update you if new information arises that could affect your decision.

Side effects, of course, are a concern. But remember: every medication or therapy—trial or not—carries potential side effects. In trials, you’re monitored closely, and adverse effects are reported and managed immediately. Your safety isn’t an afterthought—it’s the foundation.

In a 2023/24 clinical research experience survey (completed by over 35,000 participants), most reported a positive experience. 91% of adults and 89% of young people said they’d participate in research again. The majority felt valued, informed, and treated with kindness and respect throughout their participation.

Myth #4: “Clinical Trials Are Too Expensive”

Fact: Clinical trials do not cost you money—in fact, they often reduce your out-of-pocket expenses.

Most trials cover the cost of the clinical research itself, including the study drug, lab work, checkups, and follow-ups. Depending on the trial, you may also be reimbursed for transportation, childcare, or time away from work. Your regular health insurance usually covers routine care unrelated to the study.

Before you enroll, the research team will walk you through what’s covered, what’s not, and help you coordinate with your health care provider if needed. There are no hidden fees or financial obligation to join or stay in a trial.

Did you know? Science 37’s decentralized trials are designed with patient convenience in mind. That means fewer clinic visits, less time away from home, and more support throughout the process—without compromising safety.

Myth #5: “I Won’t Benefit Personally—It’s Just for Science”

Fact: Clinical trial participants often receive cutting-edge treatments years before they’re available to the public.

Some of the most significant medical breakthroughs—like immunotherapy for cancer, mRNA vaccines, and gene therapies—came through patient volunteers who helped bring them to life. But you don’t have to wait for a scientific miracle to see personal benefits.

Many participants report:

• Faster access to new treatment options
• Enhanced monitoring of their medical conditions
• Closer relationships with their care team
• A sense of purpose knowing they’re helping others

Clinical trials are not just about advancing science—they’re about expanding access. And with modern research studies increasingly focused on diverse and inclusive participation, the aim is to improve outcomes for everyone, not just a select few.

One Science 37 participant shared: “The process was easy, and I felt heard every step of the way. I got better care than before—right from my living room.”

Empowered, Not Afraid

The decision to join a clinical trial should never be made out of fear. It should come from knowledge, clarity, and the support of a trusted care team. At the end of the day, clinical trials are about improving lives—yours included.

If you’re living with a medical condition and wondering if a clinical study might be right for you, it’s worth asking. You deserve every opportunity to feel better, live longer, and receive care tailored to you.

Explore Science 37’s Clinical Trials

At Science 37, we’re redefining clinical trials, putting patient safety, access, and convenience at the heart of everything. Our decentralized trial model allows you to participate wherever you are, with real-time support and care led by licensed medical professionals.

Take the first step today. Explore current studies with Science 37 and discover treatment options that fit your life, not the other way around.

Living with atrial fibrillation (AFib) means paying extra attention to your risk of stroke. AFib is an irregular heartbeat in which the heart's upper chambers quiver instead of beating effectively. When the heart doesn’t beat normally, blood can pool in the atria and form clots. If a clot travels to the brain, it can block blood flow and cause a stroke. This is why AFib is so closely linked to strokes – in fact, people with AFib are about five times more likely to have a stroke than people without AFib.

However, not everyone with AFib has the same stroke risk. It depends on your individual risk factors. Doctors have a tool to measure this risk: the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Knowing your CHA₂DS₂-VASc score is important for stroke prevention and overall heart health because it guides decisions about treatments (especially blood thinners) that can prevent strokes.

What Is the CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score?

The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (pronounced “Chads-vasc”) is a clinical scoring system that helps predict stroke risk with AFib. Each letter in the name stands for a specific risk factor:

• C – Congestive heart failure
• H – Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• A₂ – Age 75 or older (this risk factor counts double)
• D – Diabetes (high blood sugar)
• S₂ – Stroke (prior stroke, TIA, or blood clot history – counts double)
• V – Vascular disease (like a previous heart attack or peripheral artery disease)
• A – Age 65 to 74
• Sc – Sex category (female gender)

This score is an expanded version of an older tool called the CHADS₂ score. The CHADS2 score included fewer factors, but experts found it missed some people who still had meaningful risk. Now, major heart guidelines recommend using CHA₂DS₂-VASc for all patients with atrial fibrillation to assess stroke risk. 

In practice, your doctor will calculate this score to decide if you need medication to prevent strokes. A high CHA₂DS₂-VASc score means a greater risk of stroke, while a low score means a lower risk.

Breaking Down the CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score: Your Risk Factors

How do you get your CHA₂DS₂-VASc score? It’s the sum of points for each risk factor you have. Let’s break down each component of “CHA₂DS₂-VASc” and what it means:

• C – Congestive Heart Failure (1 point): Add one point if you have congestive heart failure or reduced heart pumping function. Heart failure can cause blood to pool, contributing to clot formation.
• H – Hypertension (1 point): High blood pressure (hypertension) is a well-known stroke risk. If your blood pressure is persistently high or you’re on medication for high blood pressure, that’s one point.
• A₂ – Age 75 or Older (2 points): Age is among the most important risk factors. You score two points for age if you are 75 years or older. Getting older increases stroke risk significantly, so this factor is “weighted” double in the score.
• D – Diabetes (1 point): Diabetes means your blood sugar is too high. Having diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) adds one point. Stroke risk is higher in people with diabetes, especially if it’s not well-controlled.
• S₂ – Prior Stroke or TIA (2 points): If you’ve had a stroke or a TIA (mini-stroke) in the past or any thromboembolism (a blood clot that traveled to an organ), that history gives 2 points. This is doubled because nothing predicts a future stroke like a prior stroke.
• V – Vascular Disease (1 point): This refers to other artery diseases. If you have a history of vascular disease – for example, a previous heart attack, peripheral artery disease (poor circulation in the legs), or significant plaque in the aorta – add one point. These conditions indicate plaque build-up and a tendency for clots that can elevate stroke risk.
• A – Age 65 to 74 (1 point): Being in the 65–74 age range gives you one point. (Note: you count either this age category or the 75+ category, not both. So if you’re over 75, you already counted 2 points for A₂, and you wouldn’t add this one.)
• Sc – Sex Category (Female) (1 point): Women with AFib have a slightly higher stroke risk than men. If you are female, add one point. (You get 0 points for this category if you're male.)

Now, add up all the points that apply to you. The lowest score is 0 (for a young male with none of the above risk factors). The highest possible score is 9 (for an older female with multiple risk factors). Most people with AFib will fall somewhere in between.

It’s worth noting that the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score applies to non-valvular AFib. If your AFib is caused by valvular heart disease or you have an artificial heart valve, you generally need anticoagulation regardless of these risk factors. Your doctor will manage that situation differently.

How Your CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score Guides Stroke Prevention Treatment

Your CHA₂DS₂-VASc score plays a key role in deciding whether you need anticoagulant therapy to reduce your stroke risk with AFib. Here’s how treatment decisions typically break down:

High Risk (Score ≥ 2 in men or ≥ 3 in women)

• You’re strongly advised to start anticoagulants—such as warfarin or DOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or edoxaban). These medications can cut stroke risk by about 66% and are considered the gold standard for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. If your score is high, the benefits of treatment far outweigh the risks.

Moderate/Borderline Risk (Score of 1 in men or 2 in women)

• This is a gray area. Your doctor will assess your risk factors, lifestyle, and medical history to determine the best action. Shared decision-making is key here. Some people may start blood thinners; others may hold off. The decision is made on a case-by-case basis.

Low Risk (Score of 0 in men or 1 in women)

• Anticoagulant therapy is usually not recommended. Your risk of stroke is low—around 1% per year—so the potential risks of blood thinners outweigh the benefits. Focus instead on managing heart health, blood pressure, and lifestyle factors.

In short, your CHA₂DS₂-VASc score helps identify who will benefit most from treatment. It’s a practical, evidence-based tool that allows your care team to match your AFib treatment options to your actual risk. Still, no two patients are exactly alike. If you have other health issues—like frequent falls or a high bleeding risk—your plan may differ.

Know Your Score, Know Your Options

Once you know your CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, the next step is acting on it. This might mean starting anticoagulant therapy, working with your doctor to build a personalized care plan, or simply keeping up with regular check-ups if your risk is low.

It's also important to stay on top of related health issues since each contributes to your overall stroke risk with AFib. And if standard treatment isn’t a fit, ask about alternative AFib treatment options or look into clinical trials for stroke prevention, especially if you're in a higher-risk category

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If your stroke risk with AFib is high, you may qualify for a clinical trial designed to explore new preventive treatments. Science 37 is currently recruiting participants for a study focused on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, especially those who can't tolerate traditional anticoagulants. Learn more or apply here Science 37’s Stroke Prevention Clinical Trial for AFib.

Did you know that heart disease is the leading cause of death for people age 65 and older? Studies show that almost 75% of older adults face a higher chance of heart attack or heart failure. These numbers may feel scary, but they do not have to define your story. You can stay heart-smart by making simple, steady choices, as discussed below.

Stay on Top of Your Checkups

Your primary care provider should be your go-to for all things heart health. They’ll help you track your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and blood sugar—all of which play a big role in preventing heart attack and stroke.

If you’re at risk of AFib, your doctor might recommend tests to monitor your heart rhythm. Early detection is everything. And if you already have AFib, regular care helps you stay one step ahead of blood clotting, which is what often leads to stroke.

Friendly tip: Don’t wait for symptoms. Just schedule regular check-ins. Preventative care beats emergency care every time.

Improve Your Lifestyle

Your lifestyle plays a big role in how your heart functions. A healthy lifestyle has been shown to promote heart health. Here’s how to embrace a healthy lifestyle and why it’s important:

Make Your Plate Heart Healthy

A heart-healthy diet keeps your heart healthy and strong. It helps lower your cholesterol levels, stabilize blood sugar, and reduce your risk of heart failure or stroke. A healthy diet comprises of:

• More fruits and vegetables (they help reduce inflammation and support a healthy weight)
• Whole grains over white bread or pasta
• Less to no salt, sugar, and processed snacks
• Healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, and avocado
• Lean proteins like chicken, fish, or beans

Move Your Body (A Little Every Day)

In addition to your diet, you also need to work out to get the blood flowing nicely. And this doesn’t have to be strenuous. Just brisk walking for 20 to 30 minutes a day can:

• Improve blood circulation
• Reduce the risk of blood clots
• Support weight loss
• Lower blood pressure
• Boost your energy and mood

Other great options include light stretching, dancing in your living room, yoga, or even water aerobics. If it gets your heart rate up, it’s doing its job.

Bonus: Regular physical activity also helps reduce the risk of stroke, especially if you’ve been diagnosed with AFib.

Manage Your Weight in a Healthy, Gentle Way

Carrying extra weight, especially around the belly, can raise your risk for high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure—all of which can lead to stroke or heart attack. Even losing 5 to 10 pounds can make a big difference for your heart. If weight loss feels overwhelming, just start small:

• Swap sugary drinks for water
• Walk 10 more minutes each day
• Eat out a little less often

You’ll feel better and your heart will too.

Take Your Medications as Prescribed

If your doctor has prescribed medication—whether it’s for AFib, high blood pressure, or to prevent blood clotting—don’t skip doses or stop taking them without asking.

Know the Common Myths About Aging and Heart Disease

Some common myths include:

Myth #1: All Heart Attacks Come with Chest Pain or Obvious Warning Signs

We all picture heart attacks the same way—sudden chest pain, clutching your arm, struggling to breathe. And yes, those can be signs. But not always.

Sometimes, heart attacks are completely silent. About 45% of heart attacks show no clear symptoms at all. You might not feel chest pain. You might feel a little tired or dizzy—or nothing. These are called “silent” heart attacks, and many people don’t realize they’ve had one until a doctor finds it during a checkup for something else.

Myth #2: Heart Disease Mostly Affects Men

This one is everywhere—and it’s wrong.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women. It doesn’t play favorites. In fact, many women miss the signs of heart trouble because they assume it’s not something they need to worry about. But the truth is, women are just as likely as men to develop heart disease, and the symptoms can show up differently.

Women might feel more fatigue, lightheadedness, or nausea instead of the “classic” chest pain. So don’t ignore what your body is telling you. It’s always worth checking in with your doctor if something feels off.

Myth #3: If Heart Disease Runs in Your Family, There’s Nothing You Can Do

Having a family history of heart problems can be scary—but it doesn’t mean it’s your fate. Yes, your genetics matter. But your choices matter more.

You can reduce your risk by taking care of yourself. That means eating a heart-healthy diet, staying active, managing your cholesterol levels and blood sugar, and not smoking. Those things can lower your chances of heart problems—even if they run in the family.

Myth #4: Irregular Heartbeats are Nothing to Worry About

Most of us have felt our heart skip a beat now and then—maybe after climbing stairs too fast, getting nervous, or even drinking too much caffeine. That’s normal, but not all irregular heartbeats are harmless.

If your heart races, feels like its fluttering, or beats out of rhythm often, it could be a sign of something more serious—like AFib (atrial fibrillation). AFib can increase your risk of stroke and other heart problems, especially if you’re 65 or older.

So, if something doesn’t feel right, don’t brush it off. A quick checkup can help you figure out what’s going on—and if there’s anything you need to do about it.

Myth #5: Everyone 65 and Older has Heart Problems

Not true at all.

Getting older doesn’t mean your heart is doomed. Yes, your risk for things like heart failure or stroke goes up with age—but many older adults still have strong, healthy hearts. And that’s not just luck. It’s the result of smart, consistent habits.

When you eat well, stay active, manage stress, and keep up with your checkups, you give your heart the best chance to stay healthy—no matter your age.

Myth #6: High Cholesterol is Just Part of Getting Older

This one’s easy to believe, especially if you’ve been told “your numbers just go up with age.” But that doesn’t mean you have to live with high cholesterol.

Your body may change as you age, but much of your heart health is still in control. Eating more fruits and vegetables, choosing healthier fats, losing weight (if needed), and moving your body can all help lower your cholesterol levels—without needing medication in some cases.

Even small changes add up. Your numbers aren’t set in stone.

The Future of Heart Health

There’s a lot to be excited about when it comes to heart health—especially if you’re 65 or older. Thanks to new research, doctors are finding better ways to prevent stroke, manage AFib, and treat heart failure.

Clinical trials are leading the charge, testing safer, more effective, and more personalized therapies to your age and health history. And the best part? These breakthroughs are happening right now. Some treatments focus on lowering stroke risk without heavy blood thinners, while others explore how to help your heart pump better or manage cholesterol and blood sugar more naturally.

If you want more options—or just want to stay ahead—it’s worth exploring clinical trials. Companies like Science 37 make it easy to join a study without leaving home. It’s a simple, safe way to access cutting-edge care while helping shape the future of heart health. We’re in a new era where aging doesn’t mean slowing down—it means getting smarter, staying informed, and giving your heart the best shot at staying strong for years to come.

Seasons come and go, and for most people, it’s just a matter of adjusting to the weather and moving on. But if you live with chronic conditions like atrial fibrillation, asthma, or an autoimmune liver disease like PBC or PSC, you know that season changes shift things within the body and can worsen symptoms you’ve worked hard to manage.

Spring, in particular, brings a wave of new challenges. Pollen levels rise, temperatures swing, and humidity creeps in. Even the sunlight feels stronger. And while these changes seem harmless, they can trigger real health issues for you.

How Seasonal Shifts Affect Chronic Conditions

Let’s explore how the spring season brings a range of risk factors that can be tough when managing a chronic condition.

Asthma – Pollen and Allergens in the Air

Spring makes it harder to manage asthma because there’s so much more pollen. Trees and flowers bloom, and that triggers allergies, which then mess with your breathing. You might notice more tightness in your chest, coughing, or even needing your inhaler more often.

Humidity also plays a role. Moist air makes it harder for your lungs to breathe freely, while sudden cold fronts can tighten your airways. Even a simple walk outside can turn uncomfortable if the air is thick with allergens and your body temperature shifts quickly.

Atrial Fibrillation – Temperature Swings and Heart Rhythm

Seasonal changes can disrupt your heart’s rhythm. AFib affects the upper chambers of the heart, causing an irregular heartbeat. When the weather fluctuates quickly — warm one day and cold the next — your body works harder to regulate its internal temperature. That stress can increase your heart rate and trigger episodes of AFib.

Rising heat can also cause dehydration, which thickens your blood and affects circulation. Add that to increase UV rays exposure, and your heart may be working harder than usual without you even noticing.

Autoimmune Liver Diseases: PBC, PSC, and Liver Health

Spring can be rough on your liver, especially if you're living with something like PBC or PSC. The extra sun, heat, and humidity can mess with your energy and make symptoms worse. You might feel more tired than usual or notice your skin acting up for no clear reason.

If you're dealing with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, even small changes in your routine — like eating out more, moving less, or just adjusting to the season — can affect how your liver works. These shifts impact liver cells and may lead to flare-ups. When your body is under stress, scar tissue can build up faster.

How to Manage Symptoms as the Weather Warms Up

Spring doesn’t have to throw you off. When you adjust your routine early, you stay ahead of flare-ups. Here are steps you can take now to manage asthma, AFib, and autoimmune liver diseases as the season shifts.

1. Pay Attention to the Weather

Check pollen levels and temperature changes every morning and plan your day around them. If pollen is high, stay indoors during peak hours (usually mid-morning to afternoon). If the temperature is swinging, dress in layers so your body doesn’t have to work hard to stay balanced. This is especially important if you have an irregular heartbeat or high blood pressure or if body temperature regulation is already difficult.

2. Hydrate — More Than You Think You Need to

Drink plenty of water, even when you’re not very active. Dehydration affects heart rhythm, liver function, and lung health. It raises your risk of chest pain, especially if you live with AFib or have a history of high blood pressure.

Keep water close and sip regularly — not just when you feel thirsty. This is one of the easiest ways to stay hydrated and avoid unnecessary stress on your system.

3. Adjust Your Meds if Needed — Don’t Wait for a Flare-up

Spring can change how your body responds to medication. Talk to your doctor about whether you need to tweak your asthma inhaler routine, adjust your treatment for atrial fibrillation, or monitor your liver function more often. Don’t wait for symptoms to get worse. Schedule a check-in and update your plan early. Innovative treatment strategies that weren’t part of your care plan may be available.

4. Make Space for Rest

Fatigue is a common warning sign — especially with autoimmune liver disease. If you feel drained or foggy, listen to that. Build quiet breaks into your day. You don’t have to wait until you crash. Your energy is already stretched from managing symptoms, so protect what you have.

5. Track How You Feel Day by Day

Use a simple health journal or app to record symptoms. Note when you feel tightness in your chest, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, or skin irritation. These patterns help you and your care team spot what’s triggering flare-ups—whether it's UV rays, pollen, or temperature swings. They also help you notice patterns tied to risk factors like dehydration or lack of sleep.

6. Get Your Screenings — Don’t Skip Them

Now’s a good time to schedule health screenings. Blood pressure, liver enzyme levels, and heart rhythm all need monitoring, especially with chronic conditions. If you haven’t had your routine labs or check-ins recently, book them. Screenings help catch issues before they get serious and give a clearer view of how your liver cells and heart are holding up this season.

7. Support Your Mental Health

Spring can bring emotional ups and downs, especially when your body doesn’t feel steady. Chronic conditions take a toll physically and mentally. Talk to someone if you feel overwhelmed. Keep a simple routine that makes you feel grounded — a short walk, journaling, or even just slowing down your mornings. Mental health isn’t separate from the rest. It’s part of how you manage symptoms.

8. Keep Moving Forward — With Intention

Managing chronic conditions takes daily effort, but you’re not starting from scratch. You already know your body. You already have tools. Now, it’s about adjusting them to match the season. Make changes early. Talk to your doctor. Stay consistent. And if something feels off — trust that signal and act on it.

9. Look into Clinical Trials and Newer Treatment Options

A lot is happening in the background of medical research — and most people never hear about it. Right now, clinical trials are testing new ways to manage AFib, autoimmune liver diseases like PBC and PSC, and asthma. Some are focused on easing tough symptoms, while others are working toward long-term solutions for conditions that don’t have a cure yet.

Science 37 is one platform that runs clinical trials for all of these. It’s worth checking out, especially if you feel like your current treatment isn’t doing enough. These trials can open up access to options you wouldn’t normally get through a regular doctor’s visit. You can always talk to your care team to see if something like this makes sense for you. Innovative treatment strategies don’t just help manage symptoms — they’re also helping shape the future of care.

Your DNA contains thousands of genes that direct how your body functions. Each gene contains instructions for making proteins essential for different processes—like building cells, transmitting signals in your brain, and supporting physical growth. These genes are arranged along 23 chromosome pairs, which you inherit from your parents.

When a genetic mutation occurs—meaning a gene is deleted, duplicated, or changed—it can affect the production or function of these proteins. In some cases, the gene variant disruption leads to a rare genetic disorder. These mutations may be inherited or can arise spontaneously (de novo mutations). The result often depends on which gene is affected, how it's changed, and how that change affects the body.

In rare diseases, mutations usually impact essential systems—like the nervous system, immune response, metabolism, or muscle development. One of the clearest and most studied examples of this is Fragile X syndrome (FXS)

Fragile X Syndrome

FXS is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and a significant genetic contributor to autism spectrum disorder. It is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene located on the X chromosome. This gene is responsible for making a protein called FMRP, which plays a huge role in regulating synaptic plasticity—how neurons communicate and form connections in the brain.

In people with FXS, a portion of the FMR1 gene contains a repeated DNA sequence (CGG triplet repeat). While most people have fewer than 45 repeats, those with Fragile X have nearly over 200. This large expansion leads to a process called methylation, which switches off the gene entirely. As a result, the body doesn’t produce FMRP, impairing brain development and function.

Common Features of Fragile X Syndrome

A person with FXS may experience different developmental and behavioral issues like:

• Features of autism spectrum disorder - like social challenges and repetitive behaviors
• Developmental delay, especially in language and speech
• Learning disabilities and difficulty with abstract thinking
• Behavioral issues like hyperactivity, attention problems and anxiety
• Physical features like a long face, large ears, flat feet, and flexible joints
• In males, macroorchidism (enlarged testicles) after puberty

Not everyone experiences all these features. Boys tend to have more severe symptoms because they have only one X chromosome. Girls who have two X chromosomes often have milder symptoms or may be asymptomatic carriers.

How Fragile X Syndrome Is Inherited

Fragile X syndrome follows an X-linked dominant inheritance pattern. Since the FMR1 gene is on the X chromosome, the condition affects males and females differently:

• A female carrier (with one mutated FMR1 gene) has a 50% chance of passing it on to each child. Sons who inherit the full mutation usually develop Fragile X; daughters may be carriers or have milder symptoms.
• A male carrier passes the gene only to his daughters, who all become carriers. Sons do not inherit their father's X chromosome, so they are not affected.

Some individuals have a premutation—between 55 and 200 CGG repeats. This does not usually cause Fragile X syndrome itself, but it can lead to other health issues like Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) or primary ovarian insufficiency. More importantly, the premutation can expand into a full mutation when passed to the next generation, especially through maternal inheritance.

This explains why genetic counseling is critical for those with a history of Fragile X. It helps identify carriers, understand reproductive risks, and guide testing decisions.

Genetic Counseling and Family Planning

For families affected by Fragile X or other rare genetic disorders, genetic counseling provides essential guidance. A counselor helps you understand the condition, assess family risk, and explore options like:

• Carrier testing for relatives
• Reproductive options (e.g., IVF with genetic screening)
• Emotional support and resource referrals

Counseling also helps families prepare for what to expect and connect with support organizations—like the National Fragile X Foundation—which offer tools, networks, and advocacy.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Early Intervention

Many children with Fragile X show signs of developmental delay by age 1 or 2, but the condition is often not diagnosed until later. Delays in speech, poor eye contact, sensitivity to sound, and behavioral problems are often early clues—but without genetic testing, they may be misattributed to general developmental disabilities or other conditions like autism.

A DNA blood test can confirm a Fragile X diagnosis by identifying the number of CGG repeats and whether the FMR1 gene is silenced. Testing is recommended for children with:

• Intellectual or learning disabilities
• Symptoms of autism
• A family member with history of Fragile X or related conditions

Once diagnosed, early access to services makes a significant difference. Early intervention may include:

• Speech and language therapy
• Occupational therapy for sensory and motor challenges
• Behavioral therapy to manage anxiety, aggression, or hyperactivity
• Special education programs tailored to learning needs

These supports don’t cure Fragile X, but they do improve quality of life and long-term outcomes.

Clinical Trials and Emerging Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome

There is currently no cure for Fragile X syndrome. However, clinical research is rapidly evolving, and several promising treatments are under investigation.

Gene therapy is one promising area. Its goal is to help address root cause of FXS by correcting the underlying genetic mutation. Techniques like CRISPR gene editing are being tested in laboratories to repair or replace the defective FMR1 gene, potentially restoring its normal function.

Researchers are also looking into protein replacement therapies designed to provide the missing FMRP protein directly to brain cells. This approach could alleviate symptoms by correcting the disrupted protein production in neurons. Other research efforts focus on correcting genetic processing errors, where treatments aim to reactivate silenced genes or prevent abnormal gene expression through novel molecular methods.

Platforms like Science 37 are facilitating patient participation in these cutting-edge clinical trials, making it easier for families to access innovative therapies without extensive travel or disruption. Participating in these trials not only offers potential treatment benefits but also contributes significantly to scientific progress and improved understanding of Fragile X syndrome.

Stress can be helpful. However, too much stress can harm your health and increase your risk of stroke and heart attack. A mounting body of evidence links stress – particularly psychological stress – to an increased risk of all types of stroke, including hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in adults.

Psychological stress comes from our daily interactions and can stem from different areas of life, including home, work, and finances. It can also be triggered by major life events such as:

• Violence
• Losing a job or retiring
• Marital separation
• Serious conflicts within the family
• Business failure or financial loss
• Major injury or illness
• Death of a spouse
• Severe illness or loss of a close family member

Research shows that experiencing a major stressful life event can increase the risk of a first stroke by 17%. If someone goes through two or more major stressors, the risk jumps to 31%. This link remains strong across different types of stress, whether from financial struggles, home life, or work-related pressures.

Interestingly, the cohort study also found that people who feel they have some level of control over their circumstances may be less affected by psychosocial stress, highlighting the importance of stress management in reducing stroke risk.

The Link Between Chronic Stress and Stroke Risk

Chronic stress sparks a chain reaction in your body that directly affects the cardiovascular system. Stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline surge whenever you feel threatened, preparing you to react. While this response is helpful in short bursts, keeping it switched on for too long leads to harmful changes that increase your stroke risk.

High Blood Pressure and Inflammation

Chronic stress often keeps blood pressure elevated longer than it should be. When you’re under stress, your sympathetic nervous system kicks in, increasing your heart rate and blood vessels to narrow. Over time, this extra strain raises the risk of hypertension, which can lead to stroke.

Stress that persists also promotes inflammation, damaging blood vessels and making them prone to blockages or rupture. These same factors can contribute to atrial fibrillation (AFib)—an irregular heartbeat that further amplifies stroke risk by allowing blood to pool and form clots in the heart.

Disruptions in the HPA Axis and Immune Function

Ongoing stress can throw off the normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This axis manages how your body responds to stress, but when it’s always “on,” it interferes with healthy immune function, raises oxidative stress, and contributes to problems in your blood vessels’ lining. These issues block healthy circulation and make blood clots more likely, directly increasing the chances of an ischemic stroke.

Metabolic and Behavioral Changes

Stress also affects your metabolic health by fueling insulin resistance. It can trigger unhealthy habits like poor eating, little exercise, and lack of sleep. Combined, these factors increase the likelihood of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—all of which raise stroke risk. Research further shows that overstimulation of the amygdala, the part of the brain tied to emotions, can boost arterial inflammation, another step toward stroke.

The Role of Inflammation and Arterial Health

Psychological stress, especially when paired with other stroke risks, speeds up the breakdown of vascular health. People dealing with chronic stress often have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These molecules help form arterial plaques and heighten the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

The Latest in Stroke Prevention Research

Efforts to prevent stress-related strokes are advancing rapidly. Medical researchers are looking beyond traditional risk factors and investigating how stress management can directly lower stroke risk. Ongoing clinical trials focus on mental health, inflammation control, and innovative interventions aimed at protecting the brain and heart.

One promising study is the Science 37 stroke prevention in patients with Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Trial. This trial is designed to find better ways to prevent strokes in people with atrial fibrillation. AFib is linked to heightened stroke risk, and stress can trigger AFib episodes.

Other trials examine the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions, relaxation techniques, and medications that help regulate the body’s response to stress. Research into lifestyle modifications, such as improved sleep and structured stress reduction programs, is also gaining attention as a potential tool for lowering stroke risk.

Advancements in stroke research continue to push the boundaries of prevention. With each new study, the medical community moves closer to developing innovative stroke treatments that may redefine how we approach stroke prevention in individuals experiencing chronic stress.

The Role of Internal Medicine in Stress-Related Stroke Prevention

Internal medicine specialists play a crucial role in addressing the complex relationship between chronic stress and stroke risk. These physicians are trained to manage a wide range of conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—all of which are exacerbated by chronic stress.

By taking a holistic approach, internal medicine doctors can help patients identify and mitigate stress-related risk factors through personalized treatment plans. This might include prescribing medications to control blood pressure, recommending lifestyle changes to reduce inflammation, or referring patients to mental health professionals for stress management. Their expertise in connecting the dots between stress, chronic illness, and stroke prevention makes them invaluable in the fight against stress-related cardiovascular events.

Stress-Reducing Therapies and Lifestyle Modifications

If stress is affecting your health, making lifestyle changes can help lower your risk of stroke. Here are some stress-reducing therapies and lifestyle modifications that researchers believe can make a difference:

• Mindfulness and meditation: Studies show mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) techniques can help lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and improve overall mental health.
• Physical activity: Regular exercise improves mood, strengthens your heart, and lowers stress-related inflammation.
• Sleep management: Poor sleep is linked to higher stress levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Improving sleep quality can help regulate your body’s stress response.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Therapy can help individuals develop better coping mechanisms for handling stress, reducing its long-term health effects.
• Medical interventions: Some medical centers are studying new treatments that target the biological effects of stress on the body, potentially reducing stroke risk.

Why You Should Participate in Clinical Trials

Clinical trials offer access to cutting-edge advancements in stroke research while contributing to developing life-saving treatments. These studies explore innovative ways to manage chronic stress, improve heart health, and prevent strokes before they happen.

If you’re at risk for stroke or dealing with high levels of stress, looking into clinical trials at a leading medical center may provide access to promising new treatment options before they become widely available.

Chronic stress is a serious but often overlooked factor in stroke risk. The latest stroke research is uncovering new ways to reduce this risk, from lifestyle changes to innovative stroke treatments. With the help of stress-reducing therapies and medical advancements, you can take control of your health and lower your chances of stroke.

AFib has no cure yet. So, a diagnosis like this might leave you feeling a little unsettled—maybe even scared or frustrated. You may worry about your irregular heartbeat, what it means for your future, and how it will affect your daily life. The fear associated with the condition, as well as potential complications like stroke, heart failure, and blood clots, can add another layer of anxiety and stress.

This explains why about 4 in 10 people with AFib experience mental health challenges like depression, anxiety, or issues with memory and thinking. For older adults, research shows that number can climb to 6 in 10. So, if you’ve been feeling off—mentally and emotionally—you’re not imagining it. The reality is that when your heart rhythm feels unpredictable, it can leave you feeling mentally and emotionally off-balance, too.

The Connection between AFib and Mental Health

AFib is unpredictable, and that unpredictability can be stressful. One minute, you’re fine. The next, your heart is racing, pounding, or skipping beats. Even if an episode only lasts a few minutes, the fear can linger much longer. You might start thinking:

• What if it happens again?
• What if it gets worse?
• Could this lead to a stroke or heart failure?
• Is this going to shorten my life?

These thoughts can build up over time, leading to chronic stress, anxiety, and even depression. You might start avoiding activities you love or feel like you’ve lost control over your own body.

AFib and Anxiety

AFib and anxiety often go hand in hand. When your heart beats irregularly, your nervous system goes into overdrive. Your body reacts like you’re in danger, releasing stress hormones that make your heart race even more. It’s a cycle that can be hard to break.

Some people start experiencing symptoms of anxiety even when their AFib isn’t active. It’s not just the episodes themselves—the constant fear of when the next one will strike. This is especially common if you have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, where episodes come and go unpredictably. The uncertainty can make everyday life feel stressful.

Common signs of AFib-related anxiety include:

• Feeling on edge or restless
• Trouble sleeping because of worry
• Racing thoughts about your health
• Avoiding activities out of fear of triggering an episode
• Constantly checking your pulse or symptoms

AFib and Depression

While anxiety is about fear, depression can feel like exhaustion—both mental and physical. If you’ve been feeling hopeless, disconnected, or like you’ve lost interest in things you once enjoyed, AFib may be taking a toll on your mental health.

AFib can make you feel like you’re losing control of your life. Maybe you’ve had to change your daily routine, cancel plans, or limit physical activity. This can make you feel isolated, frustrated, or even angry. Some people with AFib also experience a type D personality, meaning they tend to hold in negative emotions instead of expressing them.

Common signs of AFib-related depression include:

• Feeling tired or unmotivated
• Losing interest in hobbies or socializing
• Feeling hopeless or stuck
• Trouble concentrating
• Thinking about worst-case scenarios or even suicidal thoughts

Why AFib Feels So Overwhelming

AFib is emotionally draining for so many reasons:

• It increases the risk of stroke, blood clots, and heart failure, and that’s a lot to process.
• It leaves you with uncertainty. Not knowing when an episode will strike can make you feel like you’re always on edge.
• It forces you to make lifestyle changes. If your doctor has told you to cut back on caffeine, alcohol, or specific activities, you might feel like you’re missing out.
• It can make you feel alone. Not everyone understands what living with AFib is like. You might feel like you have to explain yourself constantly or avoid certain situations.
• It disrupts daily life. AFib can make simple activities feel stressful. Plans get canceled. Exercise feels risky. Sleep is often disrupted.

And if you also have heart disease, congenital heart disease, or other cardiovascular diseases, you might worry about AFib making things worse. The thought of needing more medications, procedures, or even hospitalization adds another layer of anxiety.

How to Manage AFib and Mental Health

You don’t have to struggle through AFib alone. There are ways to manage your heart and mental health to feel more in control.

1. Get the Right Treatment for Your Heart

Managing AFib properly can reduce stress and improve your mental health.

• Medications can help control your heart rate and reduce the risk of stroke.
• AF ablation may help restore a normal rhythm and decrease episodes.
• Lifestyle changes, like avoiding caffeine, staying hydrated, and improving sleep, can help stabilize your heart and nervous system.

If your treatment isn’t working or you’re still feeling anxious, talk to your doctor. You deserve a plan that works for you.

2. Don’t Keep It In—Talk About It

AFib can feel overwhelming, but talking about it can help.

• Therapy can help with anxiety and depression linked to AFib. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one approach that helps many people manage stress.
• Support groups connect you with others who understand what you’re going through.
• Talk to loved ones about how you’re feeling so they can support you.

3. Calm Your Nervous System

AFib and anxiety are connected. Calming your nervous system can help reduce symptoms.

• Deep breathing can slow your heart rate and reduce stress.
• Meditation or mindfulness can help clear your mind and keep you grounded.
• Gentle exercise, like walking or yoga, can improve physical and mental health.

4. Pay Attention to Your Mental Health

Your mental health is just as important as your physical health.

• Get enough sleep. Poor sleep can trigger AFib episodes and worsen symptoms of anxiety.
• Reduce stress triggers. Cut back on caffeine, screen time, and anything that increases anxiety.
• Seek professional help if needed. If you’re feeling stuck, reach out to a doctor or therapist.

5. Consider Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are exploring new ways to address the mental health issues that come with AFib. Some studies focus on integrated care models, where doctors and mental health professionals work together to support your heart and mind. Others test psychological support programs to ease anxiety and depression. Some clinical trials also focus on innovative therapies like:

• New medications that regulate heart rate and improve mood stability
• Wearable devices that monitor AFib symptoms and track emotional triggers
• Digital health tools, like mobile apps for stress management and meditation

These studies help doctors understand the best ways to support AFib patients beyond medication and procedures.

Ask your doctor about clinical trials that could provide innovative treatments for managing AFib and improving your quality of life.

Science 37 Offers AFib Clinical Trials

Science 37 conducts clinical trials for stroke prevention in patients with AFib, giving participants access to emerging treatments and expert-led care. Visit our website to learn more or see if you qualify.